Distilling carbonaceous material



F. PUENING DI STILLING CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL Jan. 8, 1929.

y Ff PUENING DISTILLINGJ- CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed. Nov. 6`, 1922 Jan. 8, 19.29.

. 1,698,240 F. PUENING DISTILLING CARBONACEQUS MATERIAL Filed Nov. e. 1922 7 sheets-sheet 5 Jan. s, 1929.

F. F'UENING DISTILLING CARBONACE'OUS MATERIAL Filed Nov. 6. 1922 Sheets-@leeftl 4 y. fa j@ Jan. s, 1929. 15698340 F. PUENING v-IsTILLING cARBoNAcEoUs MATERIAL Jan. 8, 1929.

F. PUENYING DISTILLING cARBoNACEoUs- MATERIAL Filed Nov. 6. 1922 7 Sheets-Sheet '7 LHT 35 being especial/ly suitable because of its great Walls is in excess of 45 the action of man@ an.' s, 1929. y i 1,698,24@ unirse lerares PMI-:NT OFFICE.

renna Perm? or masseuse@ PENNSYLVANIA. y msrmmeosnnonnesous Application tiled November t, 1922. ./Seral No. 599,179 .v

This invention relates to the arto distillheated toa temperature of about 1400 F. ing carbonaceous material, such as bituin an atmosphere of well burned gases, v v1thminous coal, lignite, shale, peat, or other out unduly exposing the iron to deteriora` carbonaceous material which forms colte. tion. u

5 An object of the invention is to provide an With -ironheatmg walls heated to a sureiicient furnaceV construction that permits face temperature of -1400 F., distillation of the distillation of such carhonaceous ma vtheroal may be'elfected by bringing the terial at low temperatures, in accordance coal into direct `contact with such prewith the princinle of lowte.l oratore dis-` viously heated walls.- TheV coai to be dis- 65 tillaton disclosed in one erdliodiment in tilled may be either at vordinary atmosphenc prior .application for Letters Patent 'of temperatur-@prior to the time o contact the 'United States Serial No. 535,790, filed fmth the heating walls, or may be preheated, February il, 1922, and .in another emlxidi 1f desired. At the moment of contact, coal ment in m prior application for Letters' gulckly absorbs the peak of the heat stored 70 Patent oi t e United btate's, filed February 1n thesurface of the wal1s and in the por-V ll, 1922, Serial No, 535,791. This principle .tions of such Walls Just below its surface! of low tem erature distillation involves the The particles of the coal in contact with the bringing ofpthe material to be distilled into heating Walls are thus rapidly heated, the direct Contact with a solid heat transfer heat penetrating into the interior of the 75 medium previously heated to a temperature coal. During the heating up stage, a dry great enough to effect the entire distillation Skin ofcoke 1s formed on the coa ,thereby of themateril by transfer thereto of part permitting ready separation' of the .coal of the heat stored in the heat transfer from the walls at the completion of the dis medium. tillation operation. As the heat transfer 80 lin carrying out the distillation there are from the Walls to the coal progresses, the employed, as the medium for effecting the flow of heat lnto the coal diminlshes in rate, transfer ot the distilling heat to the material along with the approach o the .e'oal and the to be distilled, heating walls of a' substance heating walls into an equilibrium of tem-- of high enough heat conductivit to eect peinture." In order to avoid an impractical 3G a rapid transfer of he distilling eat to the slowing up of the heat transfer, after the material, for example, bituminous coal. For initial rapidheat absorption by the coal,

example, bricks may be employed, or, as in the Weight of theheating walls, with rethe present embodiment, metal heating spect to the coal being distilled, 1s regulated l Walls, iron, in any one of its several forms, so that the storage cap the heat required to specific Weight, its high heat conductivity, bring the coal to the required final temperits good Wearing qualities, its resistance to 'ature The final temperature varies, of deterioration when subjected to rapid temcourse, with different coals and With the pcrature changes and the influence, of hot other materials available for treatment by 96 4o gases, and lastly, because of its cheapness. the distillation process of the invention. he invention, however., is not limited to or many. of such materials, howeveiy'a the employment of iron as the material for satisfactory finalv temperature is approxithe heating walls, i. mately a thousand degrees F. and the Thesedleatin Walls are first exposed'to process of low temperature distillation 100 ict gases to store in them would -be completed at that temperature. the heat which is subsequently employed for It requires about 400 B. t, u. per pound of effecting the dis illation of the material. material, in order to heat commercial grades ny hot gases maybe employed, provided of bituminous coal tot final temperature that they are not of such a nature as to al temperature, a maximum case, the temperature to which the heatmg temperature drop of the heating walls from Walls may be heated is limited by the re- 14000 vF. to a thousand degrees F. availsistance of the material of which they are able. vBetween 140()o l and a thousand decomposed to oXidizc or be otherwise imgrecs F., iron, for example, has a specific 110 paired at .high temperatures. .In case iron heat of approximately 0.148. Therefore,

is :employed, however, the Walls may be (1400-1000) 0.148=59`B. t. mare'frsed acity for heat of the t ot a thousand degrees In order to at- 105- 50 readily injure the heating walls. In any tain such a fin for absorption by the coal, when one pound of iron drops from 140()o F. to a thousandn 'ature of approximately 1,000 F. In order to compensate for the slowing down of the heat transfer, as above explained, it is preferable to employ approximately twice as much iron as the theoretical minimum,

which would be approximately 14 pounds of iron for each pound of coal t'o be distilled.

By preheating the coal or drying it before bringing the coal into contact with the hot or injury to the walls during thefpushing iron, the amount of' heat required for the distillation process may be materially reduced. This would permit the process to be carried on with a smaller quantity Lof iron. Even when preheating of the coal is einployed,` it lis preferable'to employ enough iron in order that the heat available for distillation be about twice fthe amount of the theoretical minimum,

An apparatus for practicing the above described low; temperature distillation process and constructed in accordance wit/h the in` vention has .the following essential characteristicsf The apparatus consists of a rectangular furnace builtfof fire clay bricks and provided with Uirders mounted over the top of the furnace rom which the heating walls are hung.. The heating walls pro'ect in spaced relation into the furnace camber which serves `rst as a heatingchainber throu h whic `hot gases are circulated to heatt e walls to the required cokin temperature, and, secondly, as a space by the heating walls into a plurality of distilling chambers or retorting spaces for receiviiig the carbonaceous materiali to 'be coked and holding it in heat transfer contact with the previously heated walls. Each heating wall is preferably constituted of a5 separate unit provided with its individual hanger, but the several walls are collectively united by link means located at the top of the walls, the link construction pcrmitti g the walls to be pulled apart slightly before pushing the coke, in order to avoid jamming operation and in order to break up-any adhesions of material to the sides of the heating walls before beginning the pusliiiig'operation. By this constructiomthc pushing of the coke is greatly faciliated. Side walls for closing the ends of the rctorting spaces or coking spaces between the heating walls are provided to prevent 'the material being distilled from falling out at the ends of the `heating walls. These side .walls are also hung from a girder at the top' of the furnace in such manner that they may be pulled away from the opposite ends of 'the heating l vided i walls, beforethe latter are spaced, as just Consequentlyrany mentioned; for pushing. bond, which may have been formed between the side walls-and the coke between the haiting walls, will befbroken, thereby permitting the heating walls to move apart readily for the pushing operation. Bottom doors are provided to `prevent the material being coked from falling into the discharging apparatus.

After the heating operation has been com- "f5 pleted, these bottom doors are closed but when the coke is ready to be pushed the are opened, forming a chute to guide the co e as it discharges from theretorts between the heating walls.

In' addition to'lhe general objects recited above', the invention has for further objects such other improvements and advantages in operation and results as may be found to obtain in the processes or apparatus hereinafter described or claimed.

In the accompan ing drawings, forming a part of this speci cation, and showing for purposes of exeinplilcation, a referred forni and manner in which. `the invention may be feinbodied and practiced, but without limiting the claimed invention to such illustrated instance. or instances constructed in accordance with the improve- 0ments 'of the inveiition.

Figure 2 is a vertical section similar to vFig. 1,v but taken at -the opposite end of the furnace.

Figure 3 is a vertical section of the furnace.

taken'on the plane parallel with one/0f the heating walls and showing the latter in side elevation.

Figure 4 is a fragmentary plan and horii zontal sectional vicw.'

Figure 5 is an enlarged fragmentar Vertical .section illustrating the Aconstruction at the upper end of ay heating wall Vand also showing a modified construction of another I heating wall. p l

Figure G is a fragmentary plan and horizontal sectional view illustrating the spacer i link construction at the ends of the heating walls. L Figure 7 is a vertical section taken on the line VIL- VII of, Fig. 6. A

Figure 8 is a fragmentary side elevational view of the side wall construction.

li`igurc 9 is a vertical scctitaken on theV line IX IX of Fig. '8. Y y

ln its present embodiment, the invention is applied to the low temperature distillation of bituminous coal, for producing'coherent cokesiich as available ,for domestic heating purposes; For convenience, the ensuing izoV description will be confined to this applicay i 'which may be constructed of tire clay brick, as previously mentioned, or of any othereatisitnctory refractory material. rllhe chaine ber A serves .first as o. heating chamber in which hot gases are circulated to brine; the .heating Walls up to the required coking tenipereture, and, secondly es the space in which 'ere located the distiiling retorting spaces CIR between the previously heated walls. 'llhc heating wells l are constituted of elongated relatively thin verticall members-having flat sides egainstwhich the materiel to be coked makes contact and preferably, although not necessarily, constructed of metallic brick sections, as shown.

walls, it desired, and the invention is not limited to the employment of metallic heating Walls, such as mentioned above and in the descriptive matter explanatory of thc loW temperature distillation principle cmplo'yed in the apparatus of the present invention. The well sections or bricks oi the res ective walls l are hung on supporting ro s 2 (Fie. 5), which supporting rods project somew iet above the tops ot their respective heetino" walls and et their upper ends are secured-bv bolts or pin astenings 4 to the horizontal beamnsseitiblies 3, the latter being individual to the respectivo heating Wells. A

These beam assemblies extend parallel with their respective heating'walls, and may he constructed in either of the Y,two forms shown vby way of example in Fig. 5. In one form, that shown at the right hand rheating` wall ot' llig. 5, the beam assembly 3 is made lup oi a horizontallhar fr provided at spaced intervals with sockets 7) lo receive the upper ends ot the supporting rods 2, and oi' n horizontal llbealn c the sides oi" which ciubrac the sides ot' the lower hcanl a. The top ot the U-henm c is, however, spaced 'trom the top of the connectml lower beam frio' provide u passano y0' through which stack ,flascsor other cooling media may be circulated to keep the hcaln assembly cool. ln the torni ot beam assembly construction employed in connection with the hunting wells shown at the extremo lett of Fig. 5, the bean; is made up' ot a U-shaped .plate 9 between the sides oi which is Welded ay bnr l0 to provide `an enclosed stack' gras passage y; above the har. The supporting rods 2 enter the space betwhen the 'sides of the il-plate 9 below the ber l0 und maybe Refractory materialmay be employed in` buildinggup the heating' secured to the sides of the plete/ley rivets- -1 much as these feces are dush with the opposite side faces Wall.'

Assuming that the first described form of beam assembly ybe employed, the ends of the bars a of the respective beam assemblies' E5 are provided Ywith notches 5a for receiving two rows of spacer links 5. As shown, each spacer linlnv'except the end ones, are arranged within the notches 5 of two ad. jacent beams c, the upper row being arranged in staggered relation with .respect to the lower row, and these spacer links ere flat bars provided with T-heads at their opposite ends. They are mede short enough notto interfere with each other when the heating wells l are pushed together to their minimum distance apart, but long enough tol permit the heating walls to be pulled apart slightly. This operation may be efectcdl by pullinglon the two outside orv end spacer links until the .'l"heads at thcI opposite ends oi all the linksbetween the end links erebrought into tight eh egementwith the sides ot the beams c, so t at 'there will result a uniform wider spacing 5E between the respectivo heating; wells l. When the heating walls are in their extreme contracted position, only one l'hcad of each spacci' link Will engage the side fece of a beam a;- and of the connected heating the other T-head will be spaced a distance 5e from other side of the beam a. The contracted relation of the spacer links and supporting beams is illustrated in Figs. 6 and 7.

The beam assemblies 3 amd their respective heating wells are supported by hangers 6 located at the opposite ends of the beam assemblies and hooked over into circular notches cui; out in 'the tops of the side sup portingi girder 7 see Figf 3). The notches permit the hangers' to swing in either dil'ection as the heating walls are either pulled `apart or pushed together.

At their lower ends, the hangers 6 are fitted onto the cylindrical ends a of the beams ai, being held in plico by pins 8. y When the forni o supporting beam assembly involving; the plate 9 isemployed, and in whichfbeems corresponding/to the beams a are omitted, n plate may bel welded to each end ot' the beam plate 9. This plate may be a short beam section provided, like.I the beam 0 with notches spacer links 5 and with a cylindrical or turned end tor the mounting' ofthe lower end of tho hanger 6. f

Fitted over the bars a. at the opposite ends oztcach bepm assembly-.l are notched plates 12 (Figs. l, 3,4 anditl), whichv Servenot only spacers toiix Vthe miniinumdistance 130 between the heating` wev s when .they `ere for receiving the i shovedtogether, but also Yas closures for the opposite ends of the cooling gas circulating channels p. These plates 12 may be Welded to the opposite ends of their'respective beam assemblies and may be providedwlth ports t which gas circulating pipes 13 are connected. The gas circulating pipes 13 on the oposite sides of the beam assemblies may be connected with the supply headers 1 4 that extend parallel with the supporting g1rders. One header 14 may act as the supply header for the cooling gas and the other as the exhaust header for receiving the gas dis-4 charged from the chalnnels pj Y At each end of the chamber A. interposed between the end heating wall and the refractory surrounding Wall'li, is a frame constituted of vertical pipes 15, fitted at their upper ends into hollow castings 17 and at their bottoms into hollow castings 18. The lower ends of the pipes 15 may be interconnected and braced by a horizontal pipe16 and their upper ends supplied with cooling gas from the stack gas header 14 by means of theV supply pipes 20. The pipe 'frame thus constituted, is supported at the top by the castings 17 ,which are connected to the beam assembly 3 or' the continguousv end heating walL Intermediate castings 21 and 22 surround the frame pipes between the top and bottom castings just mentioned, thereby providing a substantiallyv continuoussupporting surface for the end heating wall to 'rest against, so that the heating walls are prevented from'buckling or swinging out,- Wardly, as the carbonaceous material be- `tween them seeks its angle; of repose.

As shown in Figs. 4 and g5' the outside spacer links 23 of each series 5 are formed at their inner ends with T-heads similar to the T-heads of the inside spacer links 5, but at their outer ends are provided with eyelets 23 which arepivotally connected to the operating links 24. In turn, the latter are pivoted to the inner ends of the pull rods 25. At their outer v ends, the pull rods 25 are .formed Withbearings which receive a transverse horizontal shaft or rod 26, said shaft 26 extending through the pair of pull rods 25 which are located at the opposite sides of. the furnace, but atthe'samle end thereof. With this construction, when the two shafts 26 at the opposite ends 'of the furnace, are moved away from each other, a like motion will be transmitted to the outside spacer links 23 to pull apart the spacer links 5 as far as their key-heads will permit such motion, so that the heating Walls 1 will also be pulled apart to effect a uniform-ly wider spacing between such Walls.

In order to hold the above described pipe trame rigidly in place and to'prevent out'- ward buckling or movement of the heating. walls 1 when they are 'pushed together, pusher rods 27 are pivotally connectedr to the frame castings 22. These pusher rods 27 pass through sleeves 96 set in holes in the refractory walls B and are dimensioned of gases from the interior of the furnace. At Y their outer ends, the pusherrods rare provided With bearings for a transve se shaft 2S, which, when moved inwardly, imparts like motion to the several pusher rods, thereby holding the heating` walls in their contracted position. The Vshaft 28 and its con nected pusher rods 27 do not play any active part in the operation of retracting the heatingr walls, this being effected by the links 23, 24, 25 and shaft 26, but acts principally to prevent accidental outwarddisplacement of the heating wal-ls from their contracted position.

According to the 4present embodiment Vof the invention, a toggle mechanism is elnployed to move the shafts 26 at the opposite ends-of the furnace outwardly and concurrently the shafts 28 to permitsuch movement and allow the shafts 26 with their connected parts `to retract the heating Walls into their uniformly wider spaced positions. The pulling rods 25 extend through snug bearings 33 secured to the transverse. girders 34, inasmuch as the links 24 permit the slight vertical movement incident to the outward movement of the pipe frames 15. Journaled on the puller shafts 26 at the opposite ends of the furnace structure are fittings 31 which are socketed to receive the lower ends of the operating levers 29. These operating levers are inclined upwardly and toward the trans verse eontral plane ot the furnace structure,

as shown especially in Figs. 1 'and 2. At their upper ends the operatin levers 29 enter socketed fittings 35, the latter beine pivotall connected to soeketed fittings 3l mountet on the opposite ends respectively of a horizontal connecting strut 39. Sock eted fittings. 32 are also journaled on the shafts 28 and support the lower ends of in- -wardly and upwardly inclined `levers 30. The upper ends of these levers `30 enter socketed iittings 36, the latter being in turn pivotally connected to socketed fittings 38 mounted at the opposite ends ot a second strut 40. -Vertical pipes 41 connect the top strut fittings 37 with the bottom strut fittinfrs 38. .The top strut fittings 37 at'both ent s oiy the furnace are provided with racks 37a which respectively mesh 'with pinions 43 mounted on the .longitudinally extending driving shafts 44.- The shafts44 are provided with -driven bevel Gears' 48 in mesh with driving bevel gears 4'?? on ,a transverse between the side walls and :,eeaseo power shaft 46, the latter having a sprocket drive 45.

With the aborei described construction, when power is applied tothe sprocket 45, the drive shafts 44, through the gearing just mentioned, will rotate the inions 43 to drive the racks 37 either upwardly or downwardly in unison, dependin p on the direction of drive. the operating levers. 29 inwardly towards the. transverse central plane of the 'furnace to push the heating walls together. Reverse movement of the racks 37a pushes' out the operating levers 29 and 30 to retract the pipe frames l5, and this movement will be transmitted to the spacer links 5 to pull the heating Walls apart into their uniformly wider spaced positions. During the movement of the parts in either direction, the verticalconnectin pipes'4l shift vertically on snpportin ro 5'42 which extend within said ipes. 'l ese' rods 42 are secured at their ower ends to brackets mounted on'the refractory wallsl of the ur i nace and at their upper ends to the rail supparticularly in Fig'. 3.# In accordance with the invention, proports, as shown more vision is also made whereby the sidewalls within the chamber A may be retracted from the op osite ends of the heating walls 1, before t e latter are retracted, in order to break any bond which may have been formed the coke between the heating walls, thereby permitting the heating walls to move apart readily for the pushing operation. The side walls S are constructed of pipe frame constituted of thev end vertical pipes 5l and the connecting horizontal pipes 52, the latter -being preferably welded at their ends into said end pipes 5l. The end vertical pipes 5l are provided. at their tops with pipe caps to which are pivotally mounted the lower ends ofthe hangers 49; These hangers 49 extend upwardly to and hookedoverthe girders 7, Welded at intervals to each pair of horizontal pipes 52 are connecting vertical bars 58, said bars A58 constituting the anchors for the cast iron wall plates 59. As shown inFigs. 8 and 9 the. wall plates to the anchors 58 by bolts 60 having T-heads, which when turned into vertical position may be passed through vertical slots 64 in the anchors 58. After the bolts have been inserted in the slots 64, so that the T-head is clear of the outer face of the anchor, the bolt may be turned so that the T-head lies in. a horizontal position Within the retaining Z-bar member 65, the latter preventing the T-head'of the Aboltl from assuming a vertical position 'and becoming loose. The screw threaded end of the holt is positioned within a socket provided on the inner.. face of the wall plate 59 and a nut 6l may be applied to said end of the bolt to 'secure the parts If the racks 3i are moved upwardly and 30 will be draw 53, which are socketed 59 are rigidly secured l rigidi i0 aber, 'ney nur iu mamies threatihd egid of the bolt lie wholly witmn thefrecess or socket, so that the inner surface of the Wall plate 59 will he entirely flush and smooth. Logs '62 'andpi projecting trom the outer face ofI each plate' 59 en the to surfaces ot the upper and'lower herr Zonta pipes 52 and assist .in keeping the plates 59 in rigid vertical alignment with respect to their supporting anchors 58. l

Secured to the end pipes 51 of the respective opposite side to receive the inner ends of inwardly extending pipes The outer ends of these ipes`54 are connected to the longitudinal orizontal pipe beams 55. Connected with the pipes 54 are nipples 56 through which coolin stach gases lor other cooling media may ge circulated into the vertical pipes 5l. and connected horizontal pipes'52, for the purpose of keeping the pipe frame of the side walls S cool. The cooling gases or other media enter the verti cal pipes 51 through the ports 'and are subsequently distributed y said vertical pi es tothe horizontal pipes 52.

ivotally secured to the upper and lower horizontal pipe beams on both sides of the Jfurnace are the inwardly and upwardly' inclining levers 66. 4'lhese levers 66,y when drawn inwardly or pushed outwardl by 'mechanism to be ,presently described, act either to push theopposite side walls S in unison towards the ends oi the heating walls to closethe latter and k:form enclosures for the intervening coking spaces or retortin spaces, or to pull the' opposite side walls away from the ends of the heating `Walls. The operation of the side walls is effected by the' same mechanism that operates the hottom doors to permit the discharge of 'the finished colte. 1

The construction ci the bottom doors T is somewhat similar to the side doors. Each bottom door is constituted of a frame made up of pipes 67 secured at their opposite ends to the end castings 68, the -latter being keyed at their hinge ends on the longitudinal pi e shafts 69. These shafts 69 constitute tile hinges for the doors T and are supported in sleeves 70 at the ,Stack gases may ends of the pipe shafts 69 'and thence cir-- culated through the hollow castings 68 into the pipes 67 to keep the bottom door frames cool. The passage clear through the pi e shafts 69 may be blocked by a plug 7l (Fig, 4) which acts as a baiile to enforce the circulation just described.

The N ipes 67 of the bottom door frame aretied7 together at intervals by anchors '72 similar to the anchors 58 of the side chore 72 by similarly recessed bolts 73. In I opposite ends of the urnace.`

be admitted through the walls S. are castings vso keyed to the door operating levers 7 6, the

latter being in turnl pivotally connected to levers, 77. These'levers 77 have their opposite ends connected with fittings 78 attached to the lower ends of pipes 7 9. Secured to the upper ends of the'pipcs 79 are racks 80. The pipes 79 slide on inner rods 81 which are attached at their upper ends to the supporti girders and at their lower ends to supportin brackets. The said racks 80 mesh witi pinions 82 on shafts 83. The operating shafts 83 are furthermore-provided with bevel gears 87,(Fig. 1) in mesh with bevel gears 86 on the'drve shaft This shaft 85 may be driven by a 'spocket`84- When the shafts 85 are turned in one direction by said sprocket 84,.

the gearing just described 4will draw the ipes 79 upwardly and operate the levers 77, 76 to close the bottom doors T. Reverse "rotation ofthe sprocket 84 will lower the pipes 79 to open the bottom doors.

The retracting movement of the side doors S takes place concurrently with the opening movement of the bottom doors T; vice versa, the ulling together of said side doors is effected) concurrently with the closing movement of the bottom doors. This is raccomplished from the same 'driving mechanism that operates the bottom doors. As shown, the pi es 79 pass through fittings 88 and 89 to wiiieh the .side door operating levers 66 are connected. Collars 90 and 91 are ri 'dly attached to the vertical pipes 79. onsequently when the racks 80 travel downwardly to open the bottom doors the collar 91 will engage the lowermost fitting 89 to movethe latter downwardly and at the J same time the upper arm 80" of rack 8 0 will engage the uppermost fitting 88 thereby operatin the toggles formed by the levers 66 and t fittings 88 and 89 to pull the side doors away from the ends .of .the heating walls. When the rack is travelling upward- -ly during the movement of closing the bot- 'tom doors, the fittings 91L underside of the fittings 89 and at the same time the collars 90 will yengage the underside of the fittings 88, to, operate the toggle in the reverse direction and walls against the ends of the eating walls. By the time the heating walls have been restored to such positions, the bottom doors will be entirely closed.

` described in my will engage the f ush the side ii 'water seal with the top door or cover said. gases inayexhaust through the bottoni ducts 93. If desired, the flow of gases may be reversed so that the hot gases will cuter through the bottom ports' 93 and pass out through the top ports 92. During the heatingru operation, the heating walls 1 are re-v 'taine in their narrow spaced position, in

order to restrict as much as possible the flow of hot gases between them and thus hasten the` heating effect. The charging and pusher apparatus is not illustrated in theraccompanying drawings and may be of any preferred form, such as the type of charging and pushing apparatus shown and before mentioned application SerialNo. 535,791. While the heating up is being carriedon, it will be found con-- venient to fill the'charging trough.I After the walls 1 have been heated to the required eoking teinperaturethe bottoni doors T are closed and the side walls S `are pushed. against the ends of the heating walls by the mechanism previously described. The charging apparatus is then Operated to remove the top door D from the chamber A and the retorts between the heating walls 1 are charged with the coal to be coked.

At the com letion of the eoking operation,

the bottom oors are opened and the side walls are retracted. Then the heating walls 1 are retracted to vtheir uniformly wider spaced position and the ushing machine is operated to push the `co e from between the heating walls 1 downwardly lnto the coke car E, the inclined'bottom doors servn ing as guides forl directingthe coke into the car. It is preferable that the rams of the pusher mac ine fit the spaces between the heating wa' i when the latter are in their uniformly retracted position. (After the coke has been pushed the top door D is replaced and a further heating up stage is begun. 4, l During the eoking period, it ywill be found expedient to remove lthe coke car lthrough the door 95, dump the coke, and

lli

from the stack or from the, supply of-heatin gases. u, referably, the griders 34 and 7 for1i n Us;

prevent the waste Aof distillate or heating S. i galley the invention, the distillation of carf .monaco very the same coal, the coke prot uced in accordance with the present invention separates readily from the surfaces of the heatin f Walls, the troubles arising from sticking of t 1e colte in low temperature distillations heretofore practiced being practically eliminated.

The invention as hereinbefore set forth may be variously embodied within thev scope of the claims hereinafter merle.

I claim: 'I

l'. Apparatus for distilling carbonaceous materials embodying: a plurality of spaced relatively movable heating-Walls; link'mechanism connecting said Walls forretracting the latter into uniformly Wider spaced posi' tions or for pushing them together into their relatively narrower spaced positions; spacer means interposed between said Walls for limiting their movement toward each other;

,towrle mechanism operatively connected P* with said walls and acting through said link mechanism to move the Walls into either ot said positions, said toggle mechanism includn ing means for preventing accidental movement of said Walls out of their narrower y,spaced positions; movable side Walls for clos ing the spaces between the-ends ot said heating walls; toggle mechanism for moving said side wa'lls either toward or away from the ends of said heating walls; bottom door means for closing the bottoms of the retorts formed by the spaces between the heating walls; toggle mechanism for opening or clos-u inc; said bottom door means; and a unitary driving mechanism for said side Wall toggle `mechanism and said. bottom door toggle mechanism; substantially as specified.

2.IA-pparatus for distilling carbonaceous materials embodying: a plurality oi spaced relatively movable heating Walls; link mechanism connecting said walls for retracting' the 'latter into uniformly Wider spaced positions orfor pushing; them together` into their relatively narrowerspaced positions; toggle mechanism operatively connected with said Walls and acting through vsaid link n1eeha.

driving mechanism. for said side Wall toggle mechanism and said bottom door mggle thechanismg substantially as specided.

3. Apparatus for distilling,y carhonaceous materials emhodyingza plurality ot spaced relatively movable heating walls; link meel anism connecting lsaid Walls for retracting the latter into uniformly wider spaced posin f tions or for pushing them together into vtheir relatively narrower spaced positions; toggle mechanism operatively connected with said walls and acting through said linlt mecha nism to more the walls into either oi said positions9 said toggle mechanism including means for preventing accidental movement of said walls ont of their narrower spaced positions; movable side walls tor closing; the spaces between the ends 'of said heatin' Walls; toggle mechanism for nrving sait side Walls either toward or away from the ends of said heating walls; bottom door means tor closing; the bottoms out the retorts formed by the spaces between the heating walls; and 'toggle mechanism ior opening or closing,f said bottom door means; substantially as speciiied.

til.

t. .Apparatus tor distilling carbonaceous materials embodying: a plmfalitj,r of spaced relatively movable. heating walls; link mechanism connecting said walls tor retractinp; the latter into uniformly Wider spaced positions or for pushing; them together into their relatively narrower spaced. positions; spacer means interposed between said walls for limiting' their movement toward cach. otherrtoggle .mechanism operatively connected with said walls and acting! .through said link .mechanism to move the `walls into either ot said positions; movaole: side Walls for closing the spaces between the ends of said heating' walls; toggle mechanisrn. for moving; saidside Walls either toward or away from the ends of said. heatingr walls; bottom door means for closingr the bottoms' ot the retorts v'formed liv/the spaces `between the heating walls; toggle mechanism for opening or closing said bot tom door means; and a unitary driving .mechanism :tor said side wall toggle mecha nism and said bottom door toggle mechanism: substantially as specified.

5. Apparatus for distillingr carhonaceous materials embodying: a plurality oi lspaced relatively movalile heating' Walls: link mechanism connecting said Walls for retracting; the latter into uniformly widerspaccd posi.. tions or for pushing them together into their relatively narrower spaced positions; toggle mechanism operatively connected with said walls and acting lthrough said link mechanism to move the walls into either of said positions; movable side walls for closing the-simccs between the ends of said heating weils; toggle mechanism for .movingA -said side Walls either toward. or

lill) away from the ends of said heatingwalls; bottoni door means 'to'nclosing the bottoms o' the retorts formed the spaces between the heating walls; and toggle mechanism `for opening or closing: said'bottom door means;

t substantially as specified.

ti. Apparatus vtor distil'ling carbonaceous 'terials'veinbodyingz a plurality of spaced l' :.eiatively movable :heating walls; link mechanism connecting said' walls for Aretracting the latter into uniformly wider 'spaced posiliti tiene or for pushing them together into their relatively narrower spaced positions; spacer means 'interposed between said walls for limiting their movement toward each other; togglemechanism operatively connected with said walls and acting through said link mechanism to move the walls into either of said positionsymovable side walls for closing the spaces between the ends of said heating walls; toggle .mechanism for moving said side walls either toward or away from the ends of said heating walls; bottom door means for closing the bottoms of the retorts formed by the spaces between `he heating walls; and toggle mechanism for opening or closing` said bottom door means; substantially as specified.

7; Apparatus for distilling carbonaceous materials embodying: a plurality of spaced reiatively movable heating walls; means for retracting the latter in unison into uniformly wider spaced positions. or for pushing them together' into their relatively narrower spaced positions; spacer means iiiterposed between said walls for limiting their movement toward each other; means for preventing accidental movement of said wallsout of their narrower spaced positions;

movable side walls for closing the spaces "Y between the ends of .saidlheating walls;

able side walls'for closing Vthe spaces means for moving said side walls either to-- ward or away fromr the ends of said heating walls; bottom door means for closing the bottoms o' the retorts formed by the spaces between the heating walls; and means for opening or closing said bottom door means; substantially' as specified.

8. Apparatus for distilling carbonaceous materials embodying: a plurality of spaced relatively movable heating walls; means for retracting the latter in unison into uniformly wider spaced positions or for. push:

ing them togetherv into their relatively narrower spaced positions; means for prevent-ing accidental movement of said walls out of their narrower spaced positions; mflijve.. tween Vthe ends of said heating walls; means form'oving said side walls either toward or away 'from the ends of said heating walls;

i bottom door4 means'lor closing the bottoms of the retorts formed by the spaces between the heating walls; and means for opening or #means for closing the bottoms Vof the retorts formedy by the spaces between the heating walls; and means for opening or. closing said bottom door means; substantially as specified.

10, Apparatus .for distilling carbonaceous materials embodying: a plurality of spaced relatively movable heating walls; means for retracting the latter in unison' into uni-` formly wider spaced positions or for pushi ff them togetherl into their relatively lll?,

narrower spaced positions; movable side` dist-illing carbonaceous I walls for closing the spaces between the .K

ends of said heating walls; means for mov- :ing said side walls either toward or away from the ends of said heating walls; bottom -door means for closing the bottoms of the retorts formed by the vspaces between the heating walls; and means for opening or closing' said bottom door means; substantially asv specified. t

1l. A paratus for distilling carbonaceous materia s embodying: a plurality of spaced relatively. movable heating walls; means for retracting the latter into -uniformly wider spaced positions or for pushing them together -into their relatively narrower spaced positions; movable side walls for closing the spaces'between the ends of said v4heating 'walls; means for moving said side walls either toward or away fromthe ends of said heating walls; bottoni door means for closing the bottoms of the retorts formed by the spaces between the heating walls; and means for opening or closing said bottom dooimeans; substantially asspecitied. i

12. In an apparatus for distilling carbonaceous materials, in combination: a plurality of spaced relatively movable heating walls; link mechanism connecting said Walls for retacting the latter into uniformly wider spaced positions or for pushing them together `into their relatively narrower spaced positions; spacer means interposed between said walls for limiting their movement toward each other; and toggle mechanism operatively connected with said walls and acting through said link mechanism to move the Walls into either of said posi'-Y ioo tions, said toggle mechanism including means for preventing accidental movement of said walls out of their narrower spaced positions; substantiallv as specified;

13. Apparatus for distilling carbonaceous between the ends of said heating walls; and

bottom doorfmeans for closing'the bottoms of the retorts formed by the spaces between the heating walls; substantially as specified.

15. Apparatus for distillinpr carbonaceous materials embodying: a plurality ot spaced relatively movable vertical heating walls; movable side Walls for closingl the spaces between. the. ends of said-hcatingr walls; and bottom door means for closing the bottoms ot the retorts formed by the spaces-between the heating walls; substantially as specified.

1G. Apparatus for distilling carbonaceous `materials embodying: a plurality of spaced! relatively movable heating Walls; movable .side walls for closing` the spaces between the en'ds of said heating walls; and bottoni door means for closing the bottoms of the retorts formed by the spaces between the heating walls; substantially as specified. l

17'. In an apparatus for distiiling carbonaceous materials, in. combination: a series ,of heating Walls in position side by side spaced Aand relatively movable, from each i other in a direction substantially,normal to each Wall of said series; link mechanism connecting said walls together Ytor shittingr the Walls of the series severally in said direction into wider spaced positions or vfor shifting); the walls ot' the series, severally into their relatively narrower spaced positions; and toggle mechanism operatively connected with said Walls and acting through said link mechanism to more the walls into either oi' said positions, said toggle mechanism including means l'or pie-l ventinar the end walls of .said series from moving' farther apart but of their closer `position relative lo each other; substantially as specified.

1H. ln an apparatus for distilling carbona/:eons materials, in combination: a plurality oi' spaced relatively movable heatingr ua-lls; link mechanism connecting; said u'alls for retracting the latter into uniformly "wider spaced positions or ior pushing them together into their relatively narrower .spaced positions, spacer means interposed between said Walls for limiting their movement toward each other; and toggle mechanism operatively connected with said Walls and acting through said link mechanism to move the Walls into either of said positions; subsantially as specified.

1S). In an apparatus for distilling carbonaceous materials, in combination: a series of heating Walls in position side by side spaced and relatively movable from each other in a direction substantially normal to each wall of said series; link mechanism connecting said Walls together for shiftinv the Walls of the series severally in said direc-1 tion into Wider spaced positions'or for shifting the walls of the series severally into their A re atively narrower spaced pom'tions; and toggle mechanism operatively connected with said Walls andl acting through said link mechanism to move the walls into either of said positions; substantially as specified.

20. The method of earbonizing carbonaceous materials which consists in storing heat in a plurality of substantially parallel' spaced vertical walls, then feeding the material to be distilled-into the spaces between said walls and therein carbomzing said material by -transferring heat previously stored in said walls directly to said material; and retracti'ng said walls into uniformly relatively wider spaced positions tov facilitate discharge of said material; substantially as specified.

21. In an apparatus for distilling carbonaceous materials, in combination :aplurality of spaced relatively movablev heating walls; means for retracting the latter into uniformly Wider s aced positions or for pushing them togetlicr into their relatively narrower spaced positions; spacer means interposed between said walls for limiting,r their movement toward each other; and means for preventing accidental movement of said walls out of their narrower spaced j iositions; substantially as specified.

22. The methodof carbonizing?lr carbonaceous materials which consists in storing heat in a plurality of substantially parallel spaced vertical walls, then feeding the material to be distilled into the spaces between said walls and therein carboniL/,ing said niaterial by transferringr heat previously stored in said walls directly to saidmaterial; and retiaet'ing., said walls into relatively wider spaced positions to facilitate discharge of said material; substantially as specified.

23. In an apparatus for distilling carbonaceous materials, in combination: a series of heating walls in position side by side spaced and relatively movable 'from each other in a direction substantially normal to each Wall of said series; means for shifting the walls of the series severally in said direction into Wider spaced positions or for shitting the Walls ofthe series severally into rainy of spaced relativel walls; means for retractlng thelatter into uniformly wider s aced positions or for pushing them togetlier into their relatively narrower spaced positions; and spacer means interposed between said Walls for ,limiting their movement toward each other; Substantially as specified.

25. Inan apparatus for distilling carbonaceous materials., in combination: a series 'tof atfleast ,three heating walls in position side by side spaced and relative] movable "from each other in a direction su stantially normal to 'each wall of said Series; and `means for shifting the walls of the series severally direction into wider spaced positions or for shifting the walls of the onstaan series severally into their relatively narf.A

rower spaced positions; substantially as specified. y v I 26. In an. apparatus `for distilling carbonaceous materials, in combination: a series of at least threeLVheat-ing walls in position side by side spaced and relatively movable from each other in a direction substantially normal to each wall of, said series;V and means for shifting the walls of the series severally in said direction into Wider s aced positions to facilitate discharge o the treated materials; substantially asspecilied.

27. The method of distilling carbonaceous material, which consists in: charging such material into spaces between relatively movable heating walls, distilling,r the material, then increasing the spaces between said walls to discharge the residue, Aand moving -said walls into their original spaced relation; substantially as s eciiied.

lIn testimony w ereof I have hereunto setl my hand.

FRANZ PUENING. 

